Sergio Jaramillo Caro, artífice de la Paz
Dice Chantal Mouffe en su libro El retorno de lo político que el propósito de la democracia no es erradicar el poder sino ampliar los espacios en los que las relaciones de poder estarían abiertas a una deliberación democrática, en medio de un pluralismo que nos permita transitar como en el caso colombiano de confrontación entre enemigos, a una interacción agónica entre adversarios. Pasar del exterminio y la destrucción del enemigo a su reconocimiento como adversario, como interlocutor válido.
Esta fue una de las bases en las cuales se cimentó el diálogo entre el gobierno nacional y las Farc para superar una guerra librada entre hermanos colombianos por más de seis décadas. Esto fue lo que lograron Sergio Jaramillo y Humberto de la Calle en el complejo y largo diálogo con los negociadores de las Farc: pasar de la condición de enemigos a adversarios. Dos tradiciones una más liberal representada en los negociadores del gobierno y una marxista encarnada por la guerrilla, lograron en el intercambio de argumentos, intereses y emociones lo que muchos ciudadanos no creían, terminar con este doloroso y degradado conflicto armado y político.
Así lo reconoció un integrante del Secretariado de las Farc, cuando se anunció hace algunos días la renuncia del Alto Comisionado de la Paz ante el Presidente Juan Manuel Santos. En un mensaje privado enviado a Sergio Jaramillo -texto que publica hace algunos días la Revista Semana- los términos para referirse al Alto Comisionado reflejan las enormes distancias políticas que existían entre ellos, pero al mismo tiempo la disposición para adelantar dicha negociación. La comunicación expresa que si bien Sergio “no fue una persona de sus afectos…” le reconocen su honestidad e idoneidad como interlocutor en las negociaciones de Paz.
Con Sergio Jaramillo iniciamos nuestra tarea de mesas regionales por la paz en el año 2013. En una alianza conformada por las comisiones de paz del Congreso de la República, PNUD y la oficina del Alto comisionado desarrollamos cerca de 30 mesas de trabajo en muchos de los lugares de la Colombia profunda, con el propósito de escuchar de viva voz a los pobladores de los territorios donde se ha librado la guerra y conocer sus propuestas, las cuales fueron enviadas a La Habana a través de las embajadas de Noruega y Cuba, países garantes del proceso de paz.
Aún recuerdo nuestras reuniones con Sergio Jaramillo en Fescol – Fundación Elbert Stufgen – casa que nos abrió sus puertas para acodar las reglas del trabajo que haríamos conjuntamente. Sergio iniciaba sus intervenciones siempre de la misma manera: recordaba el propósito del acuerdo de paz que estaba en curso; los seis puntos de la agenda; las reglas de funcionamiento de la mesa de La Habana y de manera especial la centralidad de las víctimas, de todas las víctimas en el proceso.
A la manera de un buen terapeuta fijaba los términos del “encuadre “y como buen terapeuta daba paso a la reunión con su escucha respetuosa y activa. No todo lo que proponíamos era aceptado por él, en ocasiones me parecía terco, rígido, hasta soberbio pero con el tiempo entendí que su actitud buscaba proteger los términos metodológicos y políticos de la negociación para llegar a donde hoy estamos, una guerrilla que después de la dejación de las armas, se prepara para recorrer nuestro país haciendo política, dispuestos a contar la verdad y a reparar a sus víctimas.
En una conferencia en la Universidad de los Andes le escuche decir a Sergio lo siguiente “En Colombia no habido procesos de paz en los territorios, lo cual es la condición fundamental para el cierre definitivo del conflicto. Las desmovilizaciones no son suficientes, hay que ampliar la presencia del Estado con una institucional que opere en red, con procedimientos ágiles y con la cooperación de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Construir los territorios desde abajo con una importante y decisiva participación ciudadana y establecer mecanismos que permitan construir metas comunes donde las víctimas tendrán un lugar decisivo”.
Esta es su visión de paz territorial tan necesaria para tener una paz estable y duradera, es también su legado. Un legado en el cual sus grandes adversarios, las Farc, encontraron un espacio para el diálogo y construyeron un relato común en torno a un país en paz.
¡Sea esta la oportunidad para decirle a Sergio Jaramillo gracias! Seguramente desde donde esté continuara trabajando por la paz de nuestro país.
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