Y no fue el Congreso de la Paz…
El artículo 22 de nuestra Constitución, establece el derecho y el deber que colombianas y colombianos tenemos de vivir en un país en paz. Artículo que desde el año 1991, cuando fue incluido durante el debate de la Asamblea Constituyente, significó amplias deliberaciones en torno al sentido y alcance que tendría para un país que llevaba décadas en guerra. Guerra que parecía perpetua y que gracias a la negociación del Gobierno Nacional con la hoy denominada Fuerza Alternativa Revolucionaria del Común , ha significado proteger más de 3000 vidas , en especial de soldados, policías, guerrilleros, en la Colombia profunda , en cerca de 300 municipios , donde se libró esta guerra entre hermanos colombianos.
Este artículo 22 que para muchos de nosotros era una utopía, hoy poco a poco cobra realidad, en especial para millones de víctimas, en un país de sobrevivientes y de cientos de personas desaparecidas que reclaman un lugar en nuestra memoria colectiva y en la verdad histórica sobre la guerra.
Pero el Congreso de la República, el escenario donde se dice vive la democracia, no entendió la responsabilidad histórica de cara a legislar para la paz. La cercanía de los debates legislativos con los procesos electorales, se convirtió como bien lo presagiaba Sergio Jaramillo, en una verdadera maldición. Este último semestre hemos visto sumarse a los fieros enemigos de la paz, del denominado Centro Democrático, a partidos completos como Cambio Radical o a integrantes de la U, del liberalismo y a conservadores. Estos últimos lo han hecho en el último momento o de manera taimada como suelen actuar de cara a muchas de las iniciativas del gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos. Sin puestos, sin mermelada no hay votación. Los presidentes de las mesas directivas, Efraím Cepeda, en Senado y Rodrigo Lara en Cámara se convirtieron en verdaderas “mulas muertas” que se atravesaron con su poder abusivo y autoritario a actos legislativos tan importantes para Colombia como la reforma política y las 16 curules de la paz para las víctimas del conflicto armado.
El balance normativo, es agridulce, de 19 iniciativas legislativas- reformas a la Constitución, leyes estatutarias y leyes ordinarias- sólo hicieron tránsito completo 9. Las más significativas: la que establece el sistema integral de verdad, justicia, reparación y condiciones de no repetición con sus tres mecanismos, comisión de la verdad y esclarecimiento, unidad de búsqueda de personas desaparecidas y la Justicia Especial para la paz –Jep- ; el acto legislativo que establece el monopolio legítimo de la fuerza por parte del Estado y abre el espacio para que se tipifique el paramilitarismo como delito; la estabilidad y seguridad jurídica del Acuerdo final que obliga a los siguientes tres gobiernos a cumplir lo pactado ; el estatuto de la oposición política, y el acto legislativo que permite la reincorporación política de las Farc como partido . Los proyectos que tienen relación con el punto 1 del acuerdo, desarrollo rural integral: el sistema nacional del catastro multipropósito, la adecuación de tierras, la adjudicación de baldíos en reserva forestal, el tratamiento penal diferenciado para pequeños cultivadores de coca quedaron engavetados. Sólo algunos decretos presidenciales referidos a la creación del fondo de tierras, que busca entregar 3 millones de hectáreas a campesinos sin tierra y los programas de desarrollo con enfoque territorial, conocidos como PDTs, pueden considerarse un avance en el propósito de una paz estable y duradera.
Durante estos últimos meses, el Congreso de la República se convirtió en un escenario hostil, con marcado ausentismo, plagado de prácticas irregulares que violan la ley 5 que es nuestro marco normativo. Escenario que el país registró con indignación, en especial durante las últimas semanas y que ratifica que aún estamos lejos de ser ejemplo para la democracia. El reto en las próximas elecciones será renovar el Congreso y lograr que los colombianos se sientan orgullosos de él. Es el tiempo del Voto Vital, del voto consciente, des-atado de maquinarias y corrupción. Es el tiempo como lo dice el Senador Jorge Enrique Robledo de salir de la rosca corrupta de “los mismos con las mismas”.
Aun cuando las listas al Congreso poco se renovaron, siempre hay personas íntegras e inteligentes por las cuales votar. Si queremos, podemos renovar el Congreso, y permitir que lleguen personas que cumplan con el mandato ético para Colombia : el derecho y el deber de vivir en Paz.
Mis mejores deseos por un año nuevo pleno de prosperidad y solidaridad. Regresaré con ustedes la tercera semana de enero.
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